MODUL IV
STRUKTUR
KENDALI
PERCABANGAN
BERSYARAT DENGAN
IF ...
THEN DAN IF ... THEN ... ELSE ...
A. TUJUAN
- Memahami salah
satu jenis statement kendali untuk pemilihan proses
- Memahami proses
pengambilan keputusan dengan statement if ... then ... else ...
- Memahami variasi
proses pengambilan keputusan dalam bentuk tunggal
- Mampu
mengaplikasikan proses pengambilan keputusan dalam program
B. DASAR
TEORI
Sebuah program sering kali harus
dapat memilih pernyataan mana yang akan dikerjakan berdasarkan suatu kondisi logika
tertentu, misalnya bagaimana membuat program untuk mengetahui bilangan mana
yang lebih besar di antara 2 (dua) buah bilangan.
Untuk menyelesaikan persoalan di
atas, Pascal menyediakan fasilitas pengambilan keputusan, yaitu dengan
statement IF ... THEN ... ELSE ...
Bentuk umum untuk IF ... THEN ...
IF
(ekspresi logika) THEN
BEGIN
bagian yang dikerjakan
jika ekspresi logika bernilai benar (TRUE)
END;
Bentuk umum untuk IF ... THEN ... ELSE ...
IF
(ekspresi logika) THEN
BEGIN
bagian yang dikerjakan
jika ekspresi logika bernilai benar (TRUE)
END
{tanpa titik koma}
ELSE
BEGIN
bagian yang dikerjakan
jika ekspresi logika bernilai salah
(FALSE)
END;
C. LATIHAN
SOAL
- Nomor Program 0401
a.
Tulislah
program berikut ini, kemudian amati outputnya!
PROGRAM tanya;
USES CRT;
VAR a : real;
BEGIN
CLRSCR;
WRITE(‘Masukkan sebuah bilangan di bawah
100! ’);
READLN(a);
IF a<100 THEN
WRITE(‘Terima
Kasih’);
READLN;
END.
b.
Apa yang
terjadi jika anda memasukkan nilai kurang dari 100, jelaskan!
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c.
Apa yang
terjadi jika anda memasukkan nilai lebih dari 100, jelaskan!
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- Nomor Program 0402
a.
Tulislah
program berikut ini, kemudian amati outputnya!
PROGRAM nilai_maksimal;
USES CRT;
VAR a, b, max : integer;
BEGIN
CLRSCR;
TEXTCOLOR(lightblue);
WRITE(‘Masukkan bilangan pertama :
’);READLN(a);
WRITE(‘Masukkan bilangan kedua : ‘);READLN(b);
IF a>b THEN
max:=a
ELSE
max:=b;
WRITELN(‘Bilangan terbesar adalah ‘,max);
READLN;
END.
b.
Modifikasilah
program di atas sehingga output yang ditampilkan adalah nilai terbesar adalah
bilangan pertama (jika bilangan pertama memiliki nilai terbesar) atau nilai
terbesar adalah bilangan kedua (jika bilangan kedua memiliki nilai terbesar)!
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c.
Gantilah
bagian-bagian tertentu dari program di atas sehingga dapat digunakan untuk
menampilkan bilangan yang memiliki nilai terkecil!
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- Nomor Program 0403
a.
Tulislah
program berikut ini, kemudian amati outputnya!
PROGRAM nilai_ujian;
USES CRT;
VAR nilai : real;
nil_huruf : char;
BEGIN
CLRSCR;
WRITE(‘Tulis nilai ujian anda (0-100) : ‘);
READLN(nilai);
SOUND(1000); DELAY(1000); NOSOUND;
IF nilai>=80 THEN
nil_huruf:=’A’
ELSE IF nilai>=70 THEN
nil_huruf:=’B’
ELSE IF nilai>=60 THEN
nil_huruf:=’C’
ELSE IF nilai>=20 THEN
nil_huruf:=’D’
ELSE
nil_huruf:=’E’;
WRITELN(‘Nilai Anda : ‘,nil_huruf);
READLN;
END.
b.
Modifikasilah
program di atas sehingga apabila user memasukkan angka di atas 100, maka
program akan memberi pesan kesalahan!
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- Nomor Program 0404
Buatlah program yang akan menampilkan pesan apakah
bilangan (0-65535) yang user masukkan adalah bilangan genap atau ganjil!
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- Nomor Program 0405
Seorang karyawan bekerja di perusahaan X. Karyawan
tersebut digaji dengan mengikuti ketentuan PTKP (Penghasilan Tidak Kena Pajak)
dan PKP (Penghasilan Kena Pajak). PTKP berlaku bagi karyawan yang digaji di
bawah 360000 per bulan, sedangkan bagi karyawan yang gajinya adalah 360000 ke
atas akan tergolong PKP, dengan pajak 10% dari Penghasilan Kena Pajak (PKP).
PKP = (Gaji-360000). Misalnya seorang karyawan digaji sebesar 500000, maka PKP
= 500000 – 360000 = 140000. Jadi, pajak yang harus dibayar = 140000 x 10% =
14000.
Berdasarkan kasus di atas, buatlah program untuk
menentukan pajak yang harus dibayar oleh karyawan, yang mana ketika program
dijalankan, program akan meminta masukan dari user berupa penghasilan perbulan.
Berikut ini contoh output program :
dan
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