MODUL III
MASUKAN
DAN KELUARAN
(DATA
INPUT DAN OUTPUT)
A. TUJUAN
1.
Mengenal
fasilitas masukan dan keluaran dalam Pascal
2.
Memahami cara
memasukkan serta menampilkan data
3.
Memahami
statement masukan dan keluaran serta mengaplikasikannya dalam program
B. DASAR
TEORI
Pernyataan masukan dan keluaran
merupakan sarana penting dalam bahasa Pascal untuk melakukan komunikasi antara
program dengan komputer. Pernyataan masukan dan keluaran pada Pascal dapat
berupa :
- READ dan READLN
Pernyataan ini digunakan untuk
meminta masukan dari keyboard untuk
diolah komputer. Hasil ketikan pada keyboard
akan ditampilkan pada layar. Masukan tersebut dapat berupa integer, real, character, sesuai dengan tipe variabel
masukan yang telah didefinisikan sebelumnya. Perbedaan antara READ dengan READLN adalah pada READLN,
setelah menerima masukan, komputer akan melanjutkannya dengan pindah baris,
sedangkan READ hanya menerima
masukan.
Bentuk umum :
READ(var1, var2, ...); contoh : READ(jml_siswa, nilai_mhs);
READLN(var1, var2, ...); contoh : READLN(jml_siswa, nilai_mhs);
- WRITE dan WRITELN
Pernyataan ini digunakan untuk
menampilkan data hasil pengolahan ke layar. Perbedaan antara WRITE dengan
WRITELN adalah setelah mengerjakan pernyatan WRITELN, komputer akan
melanjutkannya dengan pindah baris, sedangkan WRITE tidak.
Bentuk umum :
WRITE(string1,string2, ..., var1, var2, ...);
WRITELN(string1,string2, ..., var1, var2, ...);
Contoh :
write(nil_ujian,nil_mid);
write(‘nilai mid semester = ‘,nil_mid);
writeln(nil_ujian,nil_mid);
writeln(‘nilai mid semester = ‘,nil_mid);
- UNIT CRT
|
UNIT
|
Keterangan
|
|
CLRSCR
|
Digunakan untuk menghapus seluruh layar
|
|
DELAY
|
Digunakan untuk menunda selama waktu tertentu
|
|
GOTOXY
|
Digunakan untuk meletakkan posisi kursor pada lokasi dengan koordinat
tertentu
|
|
READKEY
|
Digunakan untuk membaca masukan berupa data char dan tidak menampilkan
data yang dimasukkan
|
|
TEXTCOLOR
|
Digunakan untuk memberi warna tertentu pada string yang ditampilkan
|
C. LATIHAN
SOAL
- Nomor Program 0301
a.
Tulislah
program berikut dan amati outputnya!
PROGRAM
biodata;
USES
CRT;
VAR
nama : string[20];
umur : real;
lama : integer;
nilai : char;
BEGIN
CLRSCR;
WRITE(‘Tulis nama anda : ‘);READLN(nama);
WRITE(‘Berapa umur anda : ‘);READLN(umur);
WRITE(‘Apa nilai ujian Pascal anda (A-E)? ‘);
nilai:=READKEY;
WRITELN(‘Terima kasih... Tunggu sebentar,
ya...’);
lama:=1000;
DELAY(lama);
WRITELN;
WRITELN(‘Nama anda : ‘,nama:20);
WRITELN(‘Umur anda : ‘,umur:20:2);
WRITELN(‘Nilai anda : ‘,nilai:20);
GOTOXY(20,24);
WRITE(‘Tekan sembarang tombol’);
READLN;
END.
b.
Apakah yang
terjadi jika statement lama:=1000; diganti dengan lama:=5000; ? Apa yang
terjadi jika semakin kecil nilainya? Apa yang terjadi jika semakin besar
nilainya?
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c.
Apakah yang
terjadi jika statement
WRITELN(‘Nama anda : ‘,nama:20);
WRITELN(‘Umur anda : ‘,umur:20:2);
WRITELN(‘Nilai anda : ‘,nilai:20);
diganti dengan :
WRITELN(‘Nama anda : ‘,nama:40);
WRITELN(‘Umur anda : ‘,umur:40:5);
WRITELN(‘Nilai anda : ‘,nilai:40);
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d.
Apakah yang
terjadi jika statement GOTOXY(20,24); diganti dengan GOTOXY(1,24); ?
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- Nomor Program 0302
Buatlah program untuk mencari luas sebuah
lingkaran dengan meminta masukan berupa jari-jari lingkaran dengan phi=3.14. Tampilkan luas lingkaran
tersebut pada tengah-tengah layar. Untuk menampilkan data real, hindari penampilan 0000000+00.
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- Nomor Program 0303
Buatlah program yang akan menerima masukan berupa
data nilai matakuliah untuk 3 orang mahasiswa. Kemudian carilah rata-rata dari
nilai tersebut. Tampilkan nilai rata-rata tersebut pada layar sudut kiri paling
bawah!
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- Nomor Program 0304
Buatlah program untuk menanyakan biodata mahasiswa
yang meliputi : nama, nomor induk mahasiswa, tanggal lahir, asal, jurusan,
program studi, IPK. Kemudian menampilkan kembali data tersebut ke layar.
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